There is a newer edition of this item. HVAC Equations, Data, and Rules of Thumb, Third Edition Arthur A. Bell Jr Fast solutions to specific problems HVAC personnel face every day. Written by a veteran HVAC designer, this task simplifying guide puts essential HVAC answers at your fingertips. Featuring 200-plus equations, completely updated codes and standards, more than 350 rules of thumb, and other essential data, this is the most complete HVAC reference available. Title: HVAC: Equations, Data, and Rules of Thumb, Second EditionPublisher: McGraw-Hill: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, TorontoCopyright / Pub. Date: 2008, 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.ISBN: 9780071482424Authors:Arthur A. Bell Jr is the author of this McGraw-Hill Professional publication.Featuring 200-plus equations, completely updated codes and standards, more than 350 rules of thumb, and other essential data, this is the most complete HVAC reference available.

Our Busch International brand has provided global leadership in the design and installation of custom clean air solutions to heavy industry, including fume collection technologies and air quality systems, for more than 60 years.2001 honda civic ac blowing hot air We are recognized worldwide in the Primary Metals industry for providing the “Best Available Control Technology” to capture, convey, and collect emissions from steel and aluminum rolling mills. e36 a/c control unit repairWe are unsurpassed at retrofitting older rolling mills having complex piping and conduit. outside ac unit buzzing soundAlthough our specialty is the Primary Metals industry, we also have significant experience in the Chemical, Automotive, Power generation, and Glass industries.

Our patented Jet*Star strip cooling, drying, and blow-off systems are the most efficient way to cool or dry a moving metal strip, plate, and finished coils throughout the galvanizing, coating, and rolling industries. This technology can also be applied to other materials and can be utilized for cooling of complex shapes such as cast engine blocks. We also specialize in heavy-duty ventilation equipment and systems for tough service applications. Self-cleaning filter systems, gravity ventilation, high capacity evaporative cooling systems, heavy duty construction are some of our specialties. Busch has extensive experience in fugitive emissions capture and collection systems for melt shop, molten metal handling, and welding applications. We have high-efficiency solutions for hazard dusts such as lead and beryllium. Primary Products and Solutions PRIMARY METAL MANUFACTURING, ALUMINUM PRIMARY METAL MANUFACTURING, IRON & STEELOwner: Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital General Scope of Project: Installation of the complete electrical scope of work for a six story 370,000 square feet Medical Center.

The work included Medium Voltage Normal and Emergency Power Distribution Systems, 2 – 2250KW Generators and associated Paralleling Gear, 2 – 225 KVA UPS Systems and associated UPS Paralleling Distribution Equipment. The hospital has state of the art Lighting Control Systems, New Lighting Fixtures thru out the Facility, Small Power and Mechanical Equipment Services, Fire Alarm System, and Raceways for all Special Systems such as Nurse Call, Code Blue, Access Control, and CCTV. The replacement hospital contains a new Data Center for the collection and storage of all hospital records and data requirements. The Data Center is serviced via (2) 500 KVA Power Distribution Units. The electrical scope of work also included services to all Data Center Mechanical Systems including Chillers, CRAC Units, Air Handling Units, Pumps and other miscellaneous HVAC Items. Panel Design & Manufacture Manutec Ltd. supports a complete "after project" maintenance service for all projects. Available packages include three-month, six-month and annual maintenance packages.

For Building Management System maintenance specifically, Manutec Ltd provides a complete and thorough maintenance service while includes the testing of all inputs and outputs, single point and multi-point calibration and fault finding. For Air Handling Unit Maintenance, Manutec provides services including the refurbishment of all the AHUs and MCC maintenance and modifications are also carried out. Manutec supply, install and test filters, motors, belts, fans, valves, actuators, sensors and any other component that the customer may require. Manutec offer both on and off site maintenance services. This has several benefits as we can be called for assistance during company holidays and even after hours. This also can mean no risk to equipment from transport and no shipping cost incurred. This helps achieve a minimisation of downtime and gives opportunity to provide predictive and preventative maintenance. Because Manutec has over 30 years experience of installing control packages, we have a deep understanding of older technologies.

We can apply this historical knowledge to providing simple and cost effect upgrades to many legacy products. We can provide upgrades to all of the following: Trend IQ 1 and 2 series controllers/3 series Any XP based computer based front end systems. Our highly skilled service engineers are just a phone call away, please Contact UsHVAC system parameters are provided here for reference, but specific energy performance directives are also listed in 10 CFR 434. Compliance with the latest versions of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and ASHRAE Standard 62 is required for the elements of the project (architectural, mechanical, and electrical). Outdoor air design criteria shall be based on weather data tabulated in the latest edition of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. Winter design conditions shall be based on the 99.6 percent column dry bulb temperature in the ASHRAE Fundamentals Volume. Summer design conditions for sensible heat load calculations shall be based on the 0.4 percent dry bulb temperature with its mean coincident wet bulb temperature.

Design conditions for the summer ventilation load and all dehumidification load calculations shall be based on the 0.4% dew point with its mean coincident dry bulb temperature. Indoor Design Temperatures and Relative Humidity. Indoor design temperatures and relative humidity requirements are stated in Table 5-1. The following spaces shall be kept under negative pressure relative to surrounding building areas: smoking lounge, detention cells, toilets, showers, locker rooms, custodial spaces, battery charging rooms, kitchens and dining areas. Air can be returned from the dining area space. The air from these spaces must be exhausted directly to the outdoors.To keep dry air flowing through building cavities, systems shall be designed with sequence of operations that assure continuous positive pressure with respect to the outdoor environment until the outdoor temperature falls below 4.5°C (40°F), when the building pressure shall be brought to neutral. These building HVAC systems shall have an active means of measuring and maintaining this positive pressure relationship.

The BAS shall alarm when the building pressurization drops below a predetermined low limit. In areas where exhaust systems are used or an indoor air quality contaminant source is located, a negative pressure shall be maintained relative to surrounding spaces. Calculations shall be provided that show the minimum outside airflow rate required for pressurization. Minimum outside airflow rates shall be adjusted as necessary to assure building pressurization.In general, it is important to keep within an RH range of 30 to 70%. In a hot and dry geographic region it makes sense to maintain a range that errs on the low side (20 to 40%), while in semitropical climates a range of 55 to 75% may be practical. Please consult Chapter 4.1, Installation Standards, of the Fine Arts Program Desk Guide for additional information.An energy analysis of building characteristics, the mechanical and electrical components, and all other related energy consumption elements must be performed for each design submission level project as described in Appendix A.3.

Analyses of energy-conserving designs shall include all relevant facets of the building envelope; lighting energy input, domestic water heating, efficient use of local ambient weather conditions, building zoning, efficient part load performance of all major HVAC equipment and the ability of building automation equipment to automatically adjust for building partial occupancies, optimized start-stop times and systems resets. Energy analysis shall utilize public domain DOE-2 programs. Inputs and outputs shall follow ASHRAE 90.1 Standards and 10 CFR 434. Table 5-1 Indoor Design Conditions Table 5-2 Air Intake Minimum Separation Distances Air Intake and Exhaust. The placement and location of outside air intakes is critical to the safety of the occupants inside a building and must be in compliance with the security requirements of the building, as described in Chapter 8, “Security Design.” Table 5-2 provides a guide for minimum separation distances between ventilation air intakes and other building features.

When a building is new, volatile compounds (VOC) may be released in large quantities from materials, such as adhesives, vinyl and carpets. An outside air purge cycle shall be provided to air-handling equipment enabling evening removal of VOC build-ups during the first weeks of occupancy. GSA recognizes the importance of adequate ventilation to maintain indoor air quality. The outside air and ventilation rates of ASHRAE Standard 62 are the minimum acceptable in GSA buildings. Instrumentation and controls shall be provided to assure outdoor air intake rates are maintained within 90 percent of required levels during occupied hours. Where occupancy requirements are likely to generate high levels of airborne particles, special air filtration shall be provided on the return air system or dedicated and localized exhaust systems shall be utilized to contain airborne particulates. Dilution with outside air is the primary method of maintaining acceptable indoor air quality. The site shall be surveyed to determine if there are airborne sources of contaminants that may be unacceptable for use indoors with respect to odor and sensory irritation.

For office spaces, the average density of the occupiable floor area of a GSA building is one person per 9.3 usable square meters (100 usable square feet). Within areas occupied by workstations, the occupancy load can be as dense as one person per 7 usable square meters (75 usable square feet) in local areas. Block loads and room loads should be calculated accordingly. Sensible and latent loads per person should be based on the latest edition the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. For dining areas, auditoriums and other high occupancy spaces, occupancy loads should represent the number of seats available. Areas such as storage rooms or mechanical rooms do not have occupancy loads.Internal heat gain from all appliances—electrical, gas, or steam—should be taken into account. When available, manufacturer-provided heat gain and usage schedules should be utilized to determine the block and peak cooling loads. Typical rate of heat gain from selected office equipment should be based on the latest edition of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.

The cooling load estimated for the connected electrical load should be based on the electrical load analysis, and the estimated receptacle demand load outlined in Chapter 6, “Electrical Engineering, Electrical Load Analysis,” and anticipated needs of GSA’s Office of Chief Information Officer. For printers and personal computers, 80 percent diversity shall be considered.For preliminary design loads, heat gain from lighting levels described in Chapter 6: “Electrical Engineering, Lighting, Interior Lighting, Illumination Levels,” shall be used. Separate systems shall be provided for interior and perimeter zones where simultaneous heating and cooling operations may occur. Single air handling units shall not serve multiple floors or scattered building loads. Multiple air handling units or floor-by-floor systems shall be considered as baseline. Systems designed for federal courthouses shall be limited to having no more than two courtrooms served by any single air handling unit, and that air handling unit shall be dedicated to serving only those two courtrooms.

Interior control zones must not exceed 180 m2 (1,500 sf) per zone for open office areas or a maximum of three offices per zone for closed office areas. Corner offices shall be a dedicated zone. Perimeter zones shall be no more than 4.7 meters (15 feet) from an outside wall along a common exposure. Independent zones should be provided for spaces such as conference rooms, entrance lobbies, atriums, kitchen areas, dining areas, child care centers and physical fitness areas. Perimeter zones shall not exceed 30m2 (300 sf). If a building program shows that an office building will have an open plan layout or if the program does not state a preference, it may be assumed that up to 40 percent of the floor plan will be occupied by closed offices at some point in the future. The supply of zone cooling and heating shall be sequenced to prevent (or at the very least, minimize) the simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems for the same zone. Supply air temperature reset control shall be utilized to extend economizer operations and to reduce the magnitude of reheating, recooling or mixing of supply air streams.